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Mathematical Expression Editor
The following exercise foreshadows an important fact that we will study again
later.
Suppose that \(F(x,y) =5e^{2x-y-2}\).
The equation of the level curve associated to \(F(x,y)=5\) is \(\answer {2x-y} = 2\). Letting \(x(t)=t\), we find that a parametric
description of the level curve to be
\[ \vec {c}(t) = \vector {t, \answer {2t-2}}. \]
A vector parallel to the level curve is \(\vec {v} = \vector {\answer {1},\answer {2}}\).
The level curve should be a line; by setting \(F(x,y)=5\), we find that
In the last line, we take the natural logarithm of both sides.
Now, to find a vector parallel to a line, we can start by giving a parametric
description of it. Then, we can bring it into the form
\[ \vecl (t) = \vec {p} + t\vec {v} \]
where \(\vec {v}\) and \(\vec {P}\) are constant vectors. As before, the vector \(\vec {v}\) will be parallel to the line.
By a routine computation, we find that \(\grad {F}(x,y) = \vector {\answer {10e^{2x-y-2}}, \answer {-5e^{2x-y-2}} }\).
An interesting observation can be made though. At any point on the level curve
associated to \(z=5\), we found \(2x-y=2\), so at any point along the level curve, \(\grad {F}(x,y) = \vector {\answer {10}, \answer {-5} }\).
Note that \(\grad {F} \dotp \vec {v} = \answer {0}\) at any point along the level curve.
If \(2x-y=2\), then \(e^{2x-y-2} = e^{2-2} =1\).
The result of this exercise is not an accident; as we will see, there is a relationship
between the gradient and level curves, but we need more mathematical technology to
establish the result more generally!